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Dol Guldur
Dol Guldur () (Sindarin: "Hill of Sorcery")〔''The Silmarillion'', Index, p. 324.〕 was Sauron's stronghold in Mirkwood in the fictional world of J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth. It is first mentioned (as "the dungeons of the Necromancer") in ''The Hobbit''.〔''The Hobbit'', "An Unexpected Party", p. 34.〕 The hill itself, rocky and barren, was the highest point in the southwestern part of the forest. Before Sauron's occupation it was called ''Amon Lanc'' "Naked Hill".〔''Unfinished Tales'', "Disaster of the Gladden Fields", p. 280, note 12.〕 It lay near the western edge of the forest, across the Anduin from Lothlórien. In a passage that appears to apply the name ''Dol Guldur'' principally to the fortress rather than the barren hill it rose above, the company of the Ring first catch sight of it from Cerin Amroth in Lórien.〔''The Fellowship of the Ring'', "Lothlórien", p. 366.〕
In the Second Age, before Sauron occupied the hill, Silvan Elves of the Woodland Realm under Oropher, father of Thranduil, populated the area of Rhovanion around Amon Lanc, but they withdrew northward, evidently to avoid conflict with Lórien and Moria.〔''Unfinished Tales'', "Disaster of the Gladden Fields", p. 280, note 14.〕 Various Elf-lords and wizards perceived evil growing there early in the Third Age, starting about .〔''The Return of the King'', Appendix B, T.A. 1100.〕 During the latter part of the Third Age, Sauron used this fortress as a base to attack Lothlórien and the surrounding area.〔''The Return of the King'', Appendix B, entries for 11, 15, and 21 March T.A. 3019.〕 Tolkien suggests that Sauron settled on Dol Guldur as the focus for his rise during the period before the War of the Ring in part so that he could search for the One Ring in the Gladden Fields just up the river.〔See for example, ''The Silmarillion'', "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age", p. 302.〕
== Etymology ==
According to ''Unfinished Tales'', Dol Guldur was originally known in Tolkien's fictional language of Sindarin as ''Amon Lanc'' ("naked hill", from ''amon'' "hill" and ''lanc'' "bare" or "naked").〔''Unfinished Tales'', Index, p. 418.〕 After Sauron came to reside there, it became known instead as ''Dol Guldur'' "Hill of Sorcery", acquiring a connotation of corruption and evil. The word ''dol'' strictly means "head" in elvish, but is frequently applied to hills or mountains in Tolkien's work, as in ''Dol Amroth'' and ''Dol Baran''.〔 The word ''guldur'' signifies "black magic": ''gûl'' means "sorcery, magic", from the stem ''ngol'' or ''nólë'' meaning "long study, lore, knowledge"; and ''dûr'' means "dark".〔''The Silmarillion'', Appendix on Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names.〕
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